The Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA) is proposed United States legislation which aims to ""amend the National Labor Relations Act to establish an efficient system to enable employees to form, join, or assist labor organizations, to provide for mandatory injunctions for unfair labor practices during organizing efforts, and for other purposes."" If it becomes law, the Act would require the U.S. National Labor Relations Board to certify a union as the exclusive representative of employees without an election where ""a majority of the employees in a unit appropriate for bargaining has signed valid authorizations.""

In addition, the Act would require parties who cannot agree upon the terms of a first collective bargaining contract within 120 days to submit the issues to an arbitration board, which would be empowered to settle the dispute. Finally, the Act would provide for liquidated damages of two times back pay for certain unfair labor practices. On March 1, 2007, the House of Representatives passed the act by a vote of 241 - 185. The Senate on June 26, 2007 voted 51-48 on a Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to Consider the bill. Because 60 votes were needed to invoke cloture, the bill is unlikely to pass during the 110th Congress.

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[Text and versions of the bill: http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c110:H.R.800]

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